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Clofazimine Pharma, Clofazimine manufacturer India, Clofazimine Supplier, Clofazimine Exporter, Clofazimine 100mg Capsules Pharmaceuticals Clofazimine Medicines



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Clofazimine Capsules BP 100mg Taj Pharma


Clofazimine Capsules BP 50mg Taj Pharma
Clofazimine Capsules BP 100mg Taj Pharma


Clofazimine Capsules BP 100mg Taj Pharma

DESCRIPTION
Clofazimine is an antimycobacterial available as soft gelatin capsules for oral administration. Each capsule contains 50 mg of micronized clofazimine suspended in an oil-wax base. Clofazimine is a substituted iminophenazine bright-red dye. Its chemical name is 3-(p-chloroanilino)-10-(p-chlorophenyl)-2, 10-dihydro-2-isopropyliminophenazine.
Clofazimine is a reddish-brown powder. It is readily soluble in benzene; soluble in chloroform; poorly soluble in acetone and in ethyl acetate; sparingly soluble in methanol and in ethanol; and virtually insoluble in water. Its molecular weight is 473.4. Its molecular formula is C27H22Cl2N4.
Inactive Ingredients In Capsules
Beeswax, butylated hydroxytoluene, citric acid, ethyl vanillin, gelatin, glycerin, iron oxide, lecithin, p-methoxy acetophenone, parabens, plant oils, propylene glycol.
Capsule Shells Contain
ethyl parahydroxybenzoate sodium, propyl parahydroxybenzoate sodium, ethylvanillin, gelatin, glycerol 85%, black iron oxide, red iron oxide, p-methoxy acetophenone.

INDICATIONS

Lepromatous Leprosy

Clofazimine is indicated in combination with other antileprosy drugs for the treatment of lepromatous leprosy, including dapsone-resistant lepromatous leprosy, and lepromatous leprosy complicated by erythema nodosum leprosum.

Usage

To prevent the development of drug-resistance, Clofazimine should be used only as a part of combination therapy for initial treatment of lepromatous (multibacillary) leprosy [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].

Categories: , , ,

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Dosage

Dapsone-Sensitive Lepromatous (multibacillary) Leprosy
Administer 100 mg Clofazimine daily with meals in combination with two other antileprosy drugs for at least 2 years and if possible, until negative skin smears are obtained, followed by monotherapy with an appropriate antileprosy drug.

Dapsone-Resistant Lepromatous Leprosy
Administer 100 mg Clofazimine daily with meals in combination with one or more other antileprosy drugs for 3 years, followed by monotherapy with 100 mg of Clofazimine daily.
Lepromatous Leprosy Complicated By Erythema Nodosum Leprosum Reactions
Administer Clofazimine at 100 mg to 200 mg daily, in conjunction with baseline antileprosy treatment and steroids as clinically indicated. If Clofazimine is administered at 200 mg dose, taper to 100 mg as soon as possible after the erythema nodosum reaction is controlled. Doses of Clofazimine of more than 100 mg daily should be given for as short a period as possible and only under close medical supervision [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Important Pre-test Prior To Administration

Sexually-active females of reproductive potential should have a pregnancy test prior to Clofazimine administration [see Use In Specific Populations].

HOW SUPPLIED

Dosage Forms And Strengths

a) Each Clofazimine capsule 50mg contains:
Clofazimine                        50mg
Excipients                            q.s
in a soft gelatin capsule.
The capsules are brown and spherical.
b) Each Clofazimine capsule 100mg contains:
Clofazimine                      100mg
Excipients                            q.s
in a soft gelatin capsule.
The capsules are brown and spherical.
Storage And Handling
Do not store above 25°C (77°F). Protect from moisture.
Dispense in tight container (USP).

 

SIDE EFFECTS

The following serious adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling:
  • Abdominal Obstruction and Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions [seeWARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
  • QT Prolongation [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
  • Skin and Body Fluid Discoloration and Other Skin Reactions [seeWARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
  • Psychological Effects of Skin Discoloration [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
The following adverse reactions associated with the use of Clofazimine were identified. Because these adverse reactions are reported from different studies, these adverse reactions cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Adverse Reactions Occurring In More Than 1% of Patients

Skin: Pigmentation from pink to brownish-black in 75% to 100% of the patients within a few weeks of treatment; ichthyosis and dryness (8% to 28%); rash and pruritus (1% to 5%).
Gastrointestinal: Abdominal and epigastric pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal intolerance (40%-to-50%).
Ocular: Conjunctival and corneal pigmentation due to clofazimine crystal deposits; dryness; burning; itching; irritation.
Other: Discoloration of urine, feces, sputum, sweat; elevated blood sugar; elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).

Adverse Reactions Occurring In Less Than 1% of Patients

Skin: Phototoxicity, erythroderma, acneiform eruptions, monilial cheilosis.
Gastrointestinal: Bowel obstruction, gastrointestinal bleeding, anorexia, constipation, weight loss, hepatitis, jaundice, eosinophilic enteritis, enlarged liver.
Ocular: Diminished vision, maculopathy (bull’s eye retinopathy).
Nervous: Dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, giddiness, neuralgia, taste disorder.
Psychiatric: Depression and suicide secondary to skin discoloration.
Laboratory: Elevated levels of albumin, serum bilirubin, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST); eosinophilia; hypokalemia.
Other: Splenic infarction, thromboembolis,
anemia, cystitis, bone pain, edema, fever, lymphadenopathy, vascular pain.

DRUG INTERACTIONS

No Information provided

WARNINGS

Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.

PRECAUTIONS

Abdominal Obstruction And Other Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions

Clofazimine may accumulate in various organs as crystals, including the mesenteric lymph nodes and histiocytes at the lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa, spleen and liver. Deposition in the intestinal mucosa may lead to intestinal obstruction that may necessitate exploratory laparotomy. Splenic infarction, gastrointestinal bleeding, and death have been reported. If a patient complains of pain in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, initiate appropriate medical investigations and reduce the daily dose of Clofazimine, or increase the dosing interval or discontinue the drug. Doses of Clofazimine of more than 100 mg daily should be given for as short a period as possible (less than 3 months) and only under close medical supervision.

QT prolongation

Cases of Torsades de Pointes with QT prolongation have been reported in patients receiving dosage regimens containing higher than 100 mg daily dose of Clofazimine or in combination with QT prolonging medications. For QT prolongation and Torsades de Pointes cases, the patient must remain under medical surveillance. In all these patients, monitor electrocardiograms (ECGs) for QT prolongation and cardiac rhythm disturbances [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
QT prolongation has also been reported in patients who were receiving Clofazimine with bedaquiline at the recommended dosage regimen for each drug. Monitor ECGs if Clofazimine is coadministered to patients receiving bedaquiline, and discontinue Clofazimine if clinically significant ventricular arrhythmia is noted or if the QTcF interval is 500 ms or greater. If syncope occurs, obtain an ECG to detect QT prolongation.

Skin And Body Fluid Discoloration And Other Skin Reactions

Clofazimine causes orange-pink to brownish-black discoloration of the skin, as well as discoloration of the conjunctivae, tears, sweat, sputum, urine and feces in 75-100% of patients. Advise patients that skin discoloration is likely to occur and that it may take several months or years to reverse after the conclusion of therapy.
Other skin reactions associated with Clofazimine therapy include ichthyosis, dry skin and pruritus.

Psychological Effects Of Skin Discoloration

Skin discoloration due to Clofazimine therapy has been reported to result in depression and suicide. Advise patients regarding skin discoloration and monitor for depression or suicidal ideation during Clofazimine therapy.

Nonclinical Toxicology

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, And Impairment Of Fertility

Long-term carcinogenicity studies in animals have not been conducted with Clofazimine. Results of mutagenicity studies (Ames test) were negative. There is some evidence of clastogenic potential in mice.
Impaired female fertility (reduced number of offspring and lower proportion of implantations) was observed in one study in rats receiving Clofazimine (from 9 weeks before mating until weaning) at 50 mg/kg/day, equivalent to about 2.4 times the maximum recommended clinical dose. No non-clinical data on male fertility are available.

Use In Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Risk Summary

There are no data with Clofazimine use in pregnant women to inform associated risk. Retardation of fetal skull ossification, increased incidences of abortions and stillbirths, and impaired neonatal survival were observed in mice following prenatal exposure to Clofazimine at 25 mg/kg, equivalent to the 0.6 times maximum recommended human daily dose (200 mg), based on body surface area comparisons. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to the fetus.
The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown; however, in the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects is 2-4% and of miscarriage is 15-20% of clinically recognized pregnancies.
Clinical Considerations
Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions
The skin of infants born to pregnant mothers who had received Clofazimine during pregnancy is pigmented at birth.
Limited data is available regarding the reversibility of discoloration. Based on previous observations, discoloration gradually faded over the first year.
Data
Human Data
There are no studies of Clofazimine use in pregnant women. Few cases of clofazimine use during pregnancy have been reported in the literature. These reports indicate that the skin of infants born to women who had received Clofazimine during pregnancy was deeply pigmented at birth. Clofazimine should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the risk to the fetus.
Animal Data
Embryofetal toxicity studies were conducted in rats, rabbits and mice. In mice Clofazimine-induced embryotoxicity and fetotoxicity was evident. Retardation of fetal skull ossification, increased incidences of abortions and stillbirths, and impaired neonatal survival were observed following prenatal exposure to Clofazimine at 25 mg/kg, equivalent to the 0.6 times maximum recommended human daily dose [MRHD] (200 mg), based on body surface area comparisons. The skin and fatty tissue of offspring became discolored approximately 3 days after birth, which was attributed to the presence of clofazimine in the maternal milk. No developmental effects were observed in rat or rabbits orally administered clofazimine during organogenesis at doses up to 50 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg,(equivalent to about 2.4 and 1.5 times the MRHD of 200 mg based on body surface area) respectively. These animal studies were conducted according to the standards at the time of initial drug approval (1986) and not under current regulatory standards.

Lactation

Risk summary
Clofazimine is excreted in human milk. Skin discoloration has been observed in breast fed neonates of mothers receiving clofazimine.
The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for Clofazimine and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from Clofazimine or from the underlying maternal condition.

Females And Males Of Reproductive Potential

Pregnancy Testing
Sexually-active females of reproductive potential should have a pregnancy test prior to starting treatment with Clofazimine.
Contraception
Animal studies have shown Clofazimine to be harmful to the developing fetus. Advise sexually active females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception (methods that result in less than 1 % pregnancy rates) when using Clofazimine during treatment and for at least 4 months after stopping treatment with Clofazimine.
Advise males taking Clofazimine to use a condom during intercourse while on treatment and for at least 4 months after stopping treatment with Clofazimine.
Infertility
Impaired female fertility (reduced number of offspring and lower proportion of implantations) was observed in one study in rats receiving Clofazimine [see Nonclinical Toxicology]. There are no non-clinical data on male fertility.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness of Clofazimine in pediatric patients have not been established.

Geriatric Use


Clinical studies of Clofazimine did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

Patients with HIV Co-infection

Response to treatment, including treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum reactions, is not altered in HIV-positive and immunocompromised leprosy patients. Dose adjustments of Clofazimine are not required in these patients.

OVERDOSE

No specific data are available on the treatment of overdosage with Clofazimine. However, in case of overdose, the stomach should be emptied by inducing vomiting or by gastric lavage, and supportive symptomatic treatment should be employed.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Clofazimine is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to clofazimine or any of the excipients of Clofazimine.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Mechanism Of Action

Clofazimine is an antimycobacterial drug [see Microbiology].

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption
Clofazimine has a variable absorption rate in leprosy patients, ranging from 45% to 62% after oral administration of Clofazimine. The average serum concentrations of clofazimine in leprosy patients treated with Clofazimine 100 mg and 300 mg daily were 0.7 mcg/mL and 1 mcg/mL, respectively.
Time to reach peak plasma concentration (median Tmax) of clofazimine decreases from 12 hours to 8 hours under fed conditions relative to the fasted state.
Distribution

Clofazimine is highly lipophilic and tends to be deposited predominantly in fatty tissue and in cells of the reticuloendothelial system. It is taken up by macrophages throughout the body. In autopsies performed on leprosy patients who had received Clofazimine, clofazimine crystals were found predominantly in the mesenteric lymph nodes, adrenals, subcutaneous fat, liver, bile, gall bladder, spleen, small intestine, muscles, bones, and skin.
Clofazimine is bound to alpha-and beta-lipoproteins in serum, particularly the beta-lipoproteins, and the binding was saturable at plasma concentrations of approximately 10 mcg/mL. Binding to gamma-globulin and albumin was negligible.
Metabolism
Three clofazimine metabolites were found in urine following repeated oral doses of Clofazimine. Information on the metabolism of clofazimine is limited.
Elimination
After ingestion of a single 300 mg dose of Clofazimine, elimination of unchanged clofazimine and its metabolites in a 24-hour urine collection was negligible. Part of the ingested drug recovered from the feces may represent excretion via the bile. A small amount is also eliminated in the sputum, sebum, and sweat. The elimination half-life of clofazimine following repeated oral doses of 50 or 100 mg Clofazimine in leprosy patients was highly variable with estimates ranging from 6.5 to 160 days. The overall mean half-life of clofazimine in these leprosy patients was approximately 25 days.

Microbiology

Mechanism Of Action
Clofazimine exerts a slow bactericidal effect on Mycobacterium leprae (Hansen’s bacillus). Clofazimine inhibits mycobacterial growth and binds preferentially to mycobacterial DNA. Clofazimine also exerts anti-inflammatory properties in treating erythema nodosum leprosum reactions. However, its precise mechanisms of action are unknown.
The mechanism of action for the antimycobacterial activity of clofazimine can be postulated through its membrane-directed activity including the bacterial respiratory chain and ion transporters. Intracellular redox cycling, involving oxidation of reduced clofazimine, leads to the generation of antimicrobial reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxidehydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Secondly, interaction of clofazimine with membrane phospholipids results in the generation of antimicrobial lysophospholipids, which promote membrane dysfunction, resulting in interference with K+ uptake. Both mechanisms result in interference with cellular energy metabolism by disrupting ATP production. Anti-inflammatory activity of clofazimine is primarily through inhibition of T lymphocyte activation and proliferation. Clofazimine may indirectly interfere with the proliferation of T cells by promoting the release of ROS and E-series prostaglandins (PGs), especially PGE2 from neutrophils and monocytes.
Measurement of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of clofazimine against leprosy bacilli in vitro is not yet feasible.
Cross-Resistance
Clofazimine does not show cross-resistance with dapsone or rifampin.
PATIENT INFORMATION
  • Inform patients to take Clofazimine with meals.
  • Inform patients to report abdominal pain or other gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, to their healthcare provider.
  • Inform patients that Clofazimine frequently causes a red to brownish-black discoloration of the skin as well as discoloration of the conjunctivae, tears, sweat, sputum, urine, and feces. Advise patients that skin discoloration may take several months or years to resolve after the conclusion of therapy with Clofazimine.
  • Inform patients that skin discoloration may result in psychological effects and advise them to report any symptoms of depression or suicidal ideation.
  • Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception while taking Clofazimine and for at least 4 months after stopping treatment with Clofazimine. It is also recommended that they have a pregnancy test prior to starting treatment with Clofazimine.
  • Advise males taking LAMRENE to use a condom during intercourse while taking Clofazimine and for at least 4 months after stopping treatment.
  • Inform patients of the importance of compliance with the prescribed drug regimen in order to prevent drug resistance. Irregularity in administration of medication and poor compliance can lead to delayed and incomplete cure, and could result in infecting other people. Poor compliance can result in disease progression and ultimately result in the development of disabilities and deformities. Whenever possible, ensure that non-compliant patients receive adequate assessment, health education and supervised treatment.
  • Instruct patients on the recognition of signs and symptoms of inflammatory reactions and relapses during and following completion of treatment, and instruct them regarding the importance of immediately reporting the earliest manifestations of these signs to their healthcare provider.
7. Manufactured in India by:
TAJ PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
Mumbai, India
Unit No. 214.Old Bake House,
Maharashtra chambers of  Commerce Lane,
Fort, Mumbai – 400001
at: Gujarat, INDIA.
Customer Service and Product Inquiries:
1-800-TRY-FIRST (1-800-222-434 & 1-800-222-825)
Monday through Saturday 9:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. EST
E-mail: tajgroup@tajpharma.com

Clofazimine Capsules BP 100mg Taj Pharma

  1. WHY is this drug prescribed?
Clofazimine is an antibiotic used for the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection. It may also be used to treat a number of other conditions.
  1. HOW should this drug be taken?
Clofazimine is available as 100 mg capsules. For the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC),
the recommended dose is 100 to 300mg daily. It should be given in combination with other antibiotics.
Clofazimine should be taken with food to avoid an upset stomach. You should drink a full glass of water with each dose of clofazimine.
Your dosage is:
. 50 mg capsule
. 100 mg capsule
  1. What should you do if you FORGET a dose?
If you miss a dose of clofazimine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is time for your next dose, do not double the dose, just carry on with your regular schedule.
  1. What ADVERSE EFFECTS can this drug cause? What should you do about them?
Clofazimine may cause pink or red to brownish-black skin and eye discolouration. After you stop taking clofazimine, your skin and eye colour should return to normal. This, however, can take several months or years. If this becomes bothersome, please notify your doctor.
Clofazimine may cause skin and eye dryness and itchiness. You should always use a good hydrating cream to avoid skin dryness. Also, your skin may become more sensitive to the sun and sunlamps. Please consult a doctor immediately if you develop a skin rash.
Discolouration (red – brownish black) of feces, lining of the eyelids, sputum,sweat, tears and urine commonly occurs. Usually, this adverse effect does not require medical attention. However, if you wear contact lenses, you might consider wearing glasses instead to prevent discolouration of your contact lenses. Many people develop nausea, vomiting, stomach upset and diarrhea while receiving clofazimine. If these effects are bothersome, please inform your doctor or pharmacist.
Rarely, clofazimine may cause liver damage. Increases in liver enzymes accompanied with severe nausea,
vomiting, abdominal pain, bloody or black tarry stools, and yellow eyes or skin may occur. Please notify a doctor immediately if you notice these symptoms. Your doctor will check your liver enzymes when you come to the clinic for blood tests.
It is important that you keep your doctor appointments and come for your laboratory tests so that your progress can be followed.
  1. What other PRECAUTIONS should you follow while using this drug?
Before starting clofazimine, please inform your doctor and pharmacist if you have ever had an allergic reaction to this drug in the past.
As this drug may cause some people to become dizzy, drowsy or less alert than normal, you should make sure you know how you react to this drug before you drive, use machinery or do anything else
that could be dangerous if you are dizzy or are not alert.
Clofazimine can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight or sunlamps than usual. Therefore, wear protective clothing and use a sunscreen with at least an SPF of 15 whenever you are exposed to the sun. You should avoid sunlamps. Ask your pharmacist to help you select a sunscreen that protects against drug-sun reactions.
Clofazimine may interfere with certain drugs. In particular, phenytoin and fosphenytoin. Inform your doctor and pharmacist of all prescribed and nonprescribed drugs you are taking. As well, you should inform them of natural products you are taking. If you wish to start a new drug or natural product,
please consult with your pharmacist before doing so.
The safety of clofazimine during pregnancy has not been established. Please inform your doctor if you are
pregnant. Clofazimine should only be given to pregnant women if the potential benefits of treatment outweigh the potential risks to the child.
Breastfeeding is NOT recommended while you are receiving clofazimine.
  1. How should this drug be STORED?
Clofazimine should be stored in a cool (15-30°C) dry place, protected from light and well out of the reach of children.
Ensure that the drug has not expired by checking the expiry date (“EXP”) shown on the outside of the package.
Do not store where there is heat and moisture (for example, in the bathroom or near the stove) as the drug may become less active.
If you have any questions or concerns about this drug or if you are experiencing adverse effects, please discuss them with your pharmacist, doctor or nurse.
7. Manufactured in India by:
TAJ PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
Mumbai, India
Unit No. 214.Old Bake House,
Maharashtra chambers of  Commerce Lane,
Fort, Mumbai – 400001
at: Gujarat, INDIA.
Customer Service and Product Inquiries:
1-800-TRY-FIRST (1-800-222-434 & 1-800-222-825)
Monday through Saturday 9:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. EST
E-mail: tajgroup@tajpharma.com



Clofazimine Capsules 100mg: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, contraindication


Clofazimine Capsules 100mg

Clofazimine Capsules 100mg
Clofazimine Capsules 50mg
Clofazimine Capsules 100mg
DESCRIPTION
Clofazimine is an antimycobacterial available as soft gelatin capsules for oral administration. Each capsule contains 50 mg of micronized clofazimine suspended in an oil-wax base. Clofazimine is a substituted iminophenazine bright-red dye. Its chemical name is 3-(p-chloroanilino)-10-(p-chlorophenyl)-2, 10-dihydro-2-isopropyliminophenazine.


Clofazimine is a reddish-brown powder. It is readily soluble in benzene; soluble in chloroform; poorly soluble in acetone and in ethyl acetate; sparingly soluble in methanol and in ethanol; and virtually insoluble in water. Its molecular weight is 473.4. Its molecular formula is C27H22Cl2N4.
Inactive Ingredients In Capsules
Beeswax, butylated hydroxytoluene, citric acid, ethyl vanillin, gelatin, glycerin, iron oxide, lecithin, p-methoxy acetophenone, parabens, plant oils, propylene glycol.
Capsule Shells Contain
ethyl parahydroxybenzoate sodium, propyl parahydroxybenzoate sodium, ethylvanillin, gelatin, glycerol 85%, black iron oxide, red iron oxide, p-methoxy acetophenone.

INDICATIONS

Lepromatous Leprosy

Clofazimine is indicated in combination with other antileprosy drugs for the treatment of lepromatous leprosy, including dapsone-resistant lepromatous leprosy, and lepromatous leprosy complicated by erythema nodosum leprosum.

Usage

To prevent the development of drug-resistance, Clofazimine should be used only as a part of combination therapy for initial treatment of lepromatous (multibacillary) leprosy

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Dosage

Dapsone-Sensitive Lepromatous (multibacillary) Leprosy
Administer 100 mg Clofazimine daily with meals in combination with two other antileprosy drugs for at least 2 years and if possible, until negative skin smears are obtained, followed by monotherapy with an appropriate antileprosy drug.
Dapsone-Resistant Lepromatous Leprosy
Administer 100 mg Clofazimine daily with meals in combination with one or more other antileprosy drugs for 3 years, followed by monotherapy with 100 mg of Clofazimine daily.
Lepromatous Leprosy Complicated By Erythema Nodosum Leprosum Reactions
Administer Clofazimine at 100 mg to 200 mg daily, in conjunction with baseline antileprosy treatment and steroids as clinically indicated. If Clofazimine is administered at 200 mg dose, taper to 100 mg as soon as possible after the erythema nodosum reaction is controlled. Doses of Clofazimine of more than 100 mg daily should be given for as short a period as possible and only under close medical supervision [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Important Pre-test Prior To Administration

Sexually-active females of reproductive potential should have a pregnancy test prior to Clofazimine administration [see Use In Specific Populations].

HOW SUPPLIED

Dosage Forms And Strengths

a) Each Clofazimine capsule 50mg contains:
Clofazimine                                    50mg
Excipients q.s.
in a soft gelatin capsule.
The capsules are brown and spherical.
b) Each Clofazimine capsule 100mg contains:
Clofazimine                                   100mg
Excipients q.s.
in a soft gelatin capsule.
The capsules are brown and spherical.

Bottles of 100

Storage And Handling
Do not store above 25°C (77°F). Protect from moisture.
Dispense in a tight container (USP).

SIDE EFFECTS

The following serious adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labelling:
  • Abdominal Obstruction and Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions [seeWARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
  • QT Prolongation [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
  • Skin and Body Fluid Discoloration and Other Skin Reactions [seeWARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
  • Psychological Effects of Skin Discoloration [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
The following adverse reactions associated with the use of Clofazimine were identified. Because these adverse reactions are reported from different studies, these adverse reactions cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Adverse Reactions Occurring In More Than 1% of Patients

Skin: Pigmentation from pink to brownish-black in 75% to 100% of the patients within a few weeks of treatment; ichthyosis and dryness (8% to 28%); rash and pruritus (1% to 5%).
Gastrointestinal: Abdominal and epigastric pain, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal intolerance (40%-to-50%).
Ocular: Conjunctival and corneal pigmentation due to clofazimine crystal deposits; dryness; burning; itching; irritation.
Other: Discoloration of urine, faeces, sputum, sweat; elevated blood sugar; elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).

Adverse Reactions Occurring In Less Than 1% of Patients

Skin: Phototoxicity, erythroderma, acneiform eruptions, monilial cheilosis.
Gastrointestinal: Bowel obstruction, gastrointestinal bleeding, anorexia, constipation, weight loss, hepatitis, jaundice, eosinophilic enteritis, enlarged liver.
Ocular: Diminished vision, maculopathy (bull’s eye retinopathy).
Nervous: Dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, giddiness, neuralgia, taste disorder.
Psychiatric: Depression and suicide secondary to skin discolouration.
Laboratory: Elevated levels of albumin, serum bilirubin, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST); eosinophilia; hypokalemia.
Other: Splenic infarction, thromboembolic,
anaemia, cystitis, bone pain, oedema, fever, lymphadenopathy, vascular pain.

DRUG INTERACTIONS

No Information Provided

WARNINGS

Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.

PRECAUTIONS

Abdominal Obstruction And Other Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions

Clofazimine may accumulate in various organs as crystals, including the mesenteric lymph nodes and histiocytes at the lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa, spleen and liver. Deposition in the intestinal mucosa may lead to the intestinal obstruction that may necessitate exploratory laparotomy. Splenic infarction, gastrointestinal bleeding, and death have been reported. If a patient complains of pain in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea, initiate appropriate medical investigations and reduce the daily dose of Clofazimine, or increase the dosing interval or discontinue the drug. Doses of Clofazimine of more than 100 mg daily should be given for as short a period as possible (less than 3 months) and only under close medical supervision.

QT prolongation

Cases of Torsades de Pointes with QT prolongation have been reported in patients receiving dosage regimens containing higher than 100 mg daily dose of Clofazimine or in combination with QT-prolonging medications. For QT prolongation and Torsades de Pointes cases, the patient must remain under medical surveillance. In all these patients, monitor electrocardiograms (ECGs) for QT prolongation and cardiac rhythm disturbances [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
QT prolongation has also been reported in patients who were receiving Clofazimine with bedaquiline at the recommended dosage regimen for each drug. Monitor ECGs if Clofazimine is coadministered to patients receiving bedaquiline, and discontinue Clofazimine if the clinically significant ventricular arrhythmia is noted or if the QTcF interval is 500 ms or greater. If syncope occurs, obtain an ECG to detect QT prolongation.

Skin And Body Fluid Discoloration And Other Skin Reactions

Clofazimine causes orange-pink to brownish-black discolouration of the skin, as well as discolouration of the conjunctivae, tears, sweat, sputum, urine and faeces in 75-100% of patients. Advise patients that skin discolouration is likely to occur and that it may take several months or years to reverse after the conclusion of therapy.
Other skin reactions associated with Clofazimine therapy include ichthyosis, dry skin and pruritus.

Psychological Effects Of Skin Discoloration

Skin discolouration due to Clofazimine therapy has been reported to result in depression and suicide. Advise patients regarding skin discolouration and monitor for depression or suicidal ideation during Clofazimine therapy.

Nonclinical Toxicology

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, And Impairment Of Fertility

Long-term carcinogenicity studies in animals have not been conducted with Clofazimine. Results of mutagenicity studies (Ames test) were negative. There is some evidence of clastogenic potential in mice.
Impaired female fertility (reduced number of offspring and lower proportion of implantations) was observed in one study in rats receiving Clofazimine (from 9 weeks before mating until weaning) at 50 mg/kg/day, equivalent to about 2.4 times the maximum recommended clinical dose. No non-clinical data on male fertility are available.

Use In Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Risk Summary
There are no data with Clofazimine use in pregnant women to inform associated risk. Retardation of fetal skull ossification increased incidences of abortions and stillbirths, and impaired neonatal survival was observed in mice following prenatal exposure to Clofazimine at 25 mg/kg, equivalent to the 0.6 times maximum recommended human daily dose (200 mg), based on body surface area comparisons. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to the fetus.
The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown; however, in the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects is 2-4% and of miscarriage is 15-20% of clinically recognized pregnancies.
Clinical Considerations
Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions
The skin of infants born to pregnant mothers who had received Clofazimine during pregnancy is pigmented at birth.
Limited data is available regarding the reversibility of discolouration. Based on previous observations, discolouration gradually faded over the first year.
Data
Human Data
There are no studies of Clofazimine use in pregnant women. Few cases of clofazimine use during pregnancy have been reported in the literature. These reports indicate that the skin of infants born to women who had received Clofazimine during pregnancy was deeply pigmented at birth. Clofazimine should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the risk to the fetus.

Animal Data
Embryofetal toxicity studies were conducted in rats, rabbits and mice. In mice Clofazimine-induced embryotoxicity and fetotoxicity were evident. Retardation of fetal skull ossification increased incidences of abortions and stillbirths, and impaired neonatal survival was observed following prenatal exposure to Clofazimine at 25 mg/kg, equivalent to the 0.6 times maximum recommended human daily dose [MRHD] (200 mg), based on body surface area comparisons. The skin and fatty tissue of offspring became discoloured approximately 3 days after birth, which was attributed to the presence of clofazimine in the maternal milk. No developmental effects were observed in rat or rabbits orally administered clofazimine during organogenesis at doses up to 50 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg,(equivalent to about 2.4 and 1.5 times the MRHD of 200 mg based on body surface area) respectively. These animal studies were conducted according to the standards at the time of initial drug approval (1986) and not under current regulatory standards.

Lactation

Risk summary
Clofazimine is excreted in human milk. Skin discolouration has been observed in breastfed neonates of mothers receiving clofazimine.
The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for Clofazimine and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from Clofazimine or from the underlying maternal condition.

Females And Males Of Reproductive Potential

Pregnancy Testing
Sexually-active females of reproductive potential should have a pregnancy test prior to starting treatment with Clofazimine.
Contraception
Animal studies have shown Clofazimine to be harmful to the developing fetus. Advise sexually active females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception (methods that result in less than 1 % pregnancy rates) when using Clofazimine during treatment and for at least 4 months after stopping treatment with Clofazimine.
Advise males taking Clofazimine to use a condom during intercourse while on treatment and for at least 4 months after stopping treatment with Clofazimine.
Infertility
Impaired female fertility (reduced number of offspring and lower proportion of implantations) was observed in one study in rats receiving Clofazimine
. There are no non-clinical data on male fertility.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness of Clofazimine in pediatric patients have not been established.

Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of Clofazimine did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

Patients with HIV Co-infection

Response to treatment, including treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum reactions, is not altered in HIV-positive and immunocompromised leprosy patients. Dose adjustments of Clofazimine are not required in these patients.

OVERDOSE

No specific data are available on the treatment of overdosage with Clofazimine. However, in case of overdose, the stomach should be emptied by inducing vomiting or by gastric lavage, and supportive symptomatic treatment should be employed.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Clofazimine is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to clofazimine or any of the excipients of Clofazimine.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Mechanism Of Action

Clofazimine is an antimycobacterial drug [see Microbiology].

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption
Clofazimine has a variable absorption rate in leprosy patients, ranging from 45% to 62% after oral administration of Clofazimine. The average serum concentrations of clofazimine in leprosy patients treated with Clofazimine 100 mg and 300 mg daily were 0.7 mcg/mL and 1 mcg/mL, respectively.
Time to reach peak plasma concentration (median Tmax) of clofazimine decreases from 12 hours to 8 hours under fed conditions relative to the fasted state.
Distribution
Clofazimine is highly lipophilic and tends to be deposited predominantly in fatty tissue and in cells of the reticuloendothelial system. It is taken up by macrophages throughout the body. In autopsies performed on leprosy patients who had received Clofazimine, clofazimine crystals were found predominantly in the mesenteric lymph nodes, adrenals, subcutaneous fat, liver, bile, gall bladder, spleen, small intestine, muscles, bones, and skin.
Clofazimine is bound to alpha-and beta-lipoproteins in serum, particularly the beta-lipoproteins, and the binding was saturable at plasma concentrations of approximately 10 mcg/mL. Binding to gamma-globulin and albumin was negligible.
Metabolism
Three clofazimine metabolites were found in urine following repeated oral doses of Clofazimine. Information on the metabolism of clofazimine is limited.
Elimination
After ingestion of a single 300 mg dose of Clofazimine, elimination of unchanged clofazimine and its metabolites in a 24-hour urine collection was negligible. Part of the ingested drug recovered from the faeces may represent excretion via the bile. A small amount is also eliminated in the sputum, sebum, and sweat. The elimination half-life of clofazimine following repeated oral doses of 50 or 100 mg Clofazimine in leprosy patients was highly variable with estimates ranging from 6.5 to 160 days. The overall mean half-life of clofazimine in these leprosy patients was approximately 25 days.

Microbiology

Mechanism Of Action
Clofazimine exerts a slow bactericidal effect on Mycobacterium leprae (Hansen’s bacillus). Clofazimine inhibits mycobacterial growth and binds preferentially to mycobacterial DNA. Clofazimine also exerts anti-inflammatory properties in treating erythema nodosum leprosum reactions. However, its precise mechanisms of action are unknown.
The mechanism of action for the antimycobacterial activity of clofazimine can be postulated through its membrane-directed activity including the bacterial respiratory chain and ion transporters. Intracellular redox cycling, involving oxidation of reduced clofazimine, leads to the generation of antimicrobial reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Secondly, the interaction of clofazimine with membrane phospholipids results in the generation of antimicrobial lysophospholipids, which promote membrane dysfunction, resulting in interference with K+ uptake. Both mechanisms result in interference with cellular energy metabolism by disrupting ATP production. Anti-inflammatory activity of clofazimine is primarily through inhibition of T lymphocyte activation and proliferation. Clofazimine may indirectly interfere with the proliferation of T cells by promoting the release of ROS and E-series prostaglandins (PGs), especially PGE2 from neutrophils and monocytes.
Measurement of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of clofazimine against leprosy bacilli in vitro is not yet feasible.
Cross-Resistance
Clofazimine does not show cross-resistance with dapsone or rifampin.
PATIENT INFORMATION
  • Inform patients to take Clofazimine with meals.
  • Inform patients to report abdominal pain or other gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, to their healthcare provider.
  • Inform patients that Clofazimine frequently causes a red to brownish-black discolouration of the skin as well as discolouration of the conjunctivae, tears, sweat, sputum, urine, and faeces. Advise patients that skin discolouration may take several months or years to resolve after the conclusion of therapy with Clofazimine.
  • Inform patients that skin discolouration may result in psychological effects and advise them to report any symptoms of depression or suicidal ideation.
  • Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception while taking Clofazimine and for at least 4 months after stopping treatment with Clofazimine. It is also recommended that they have a pregnancy test prior to starting treatment with Clofazimine.
  • Advise males taking LAMRENE to use a condom during intercourse while taking Clofazimine and for at least 4 months after stopping treatment.
  • Inform patients of the importance of compliance with the prescribed drug regimen in order to prevent drug resistance. Irregularity in administration of medication and poor compliance can lead to a delayed and incomplete cure and could result in infecting other people. Poor compliance can result in disease progression and ultimately result in the development of disabilities and deformities. Whenever possible, ensure that non-compliant patients receive adequate assessment, health education and supervised treatment.
  • Instruct patients on the recognition of signs and symptoms of inflammatory reactions and relapses during and following completion of treatment, and instruct them regarding the importance of immediately reporting the earliest manifestations of these signs to their healthcare provider.
Uses For Clofazamine
Clofazamine is taken to treat leprosy (Hansen’s disease).
It is sometimes given with other medicines for leprosy. When clofazimine is used to treat `flare-ups’ of leprosy, it may be given with a cortisone-like medicine.
Clofazimine may also be used for other problems as determined by your doctor.Clofazamine is taken to treat leprosy (Hansen’s disease).
It is sometimes given with other medicines for leprosy. When clofazimine is used to treat `flare-ups’ of leprosy, it may be given with a cortisone-like medicine.Clofazimine may also be used for other problems as determined by your doctor.
Clofazamine is taken to treat leprosy (Hansen’s disease).












Clofazimine





Clofazimine
Generics Name
Composition

 Packing

Expiry

Clofazimine 50mg
10
3 Yrs

Clofazimine 100mg
10
3 Yrs

Generic Manufacturing Facilities – Taj Pharmaceuticals (Manufacturing Possibilities)

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We offer you the highest quality new Generic medicines ie. Clofazimine, drugs and also with innovative packing at the lowest prices shipped to you from India. Browse our latest Pharmaceuticals and Generics possibilities and other pharmaceuticals possibilities…more...




Generic Manufacturer – Taj Pharmaceuticals

Our number one priority at Generic Manufacturing is to build innovative and useful packaging, quality and manufacturing drugs according to the customer's specifications. We can customize one batch of Generic Medicine or an entire set of products.


Taj Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is a Pharmaceutical Generic manufacturer of Clofazimine and manufacturer of various pharmaceutical formulations in India. Taj Pharmaceuticals Ltd. provide different pharmaceutical brands and Generic Medicines
The generic manufacturing strategies of New Drug (Clofazimine) and the product-process of Taj Pharmaceuticals Ltd. are compared and collaborated using data from global Pharmaceuticals manufacturing plants in the UK(Newcastle), US, Korea, Italy, Germany and Japan.
We are an eminent manufacturer, supplier and exporter of Clofazimine and various pharmaceuticals generics medicines in Tablets, capsules, Vial (injections), ampule, Strips and schedule packs etc.
Clofazimine and different pharma Tablet & Capsule formulations are also available in different drug delivery forms. We also have large volume manufacturing facilities for these Products.
With over two decades of experience, we, Taj Pharmaceuticals Ltd., are one of the leading generic pharmaceutical companies. We believe that access to quality healthcare is a right, and not a privilege. Therefore, we endeavor to ensure the availability of world class, quality medicines at affordable prices across the globe.
We are committed to work towards a healthier and happier world. The company is an integrated, research based international pharmaceutical company, producing a wide range of quality, affordable generic (Clofazimine) medicines, trusted by health-care professionals and patients across geographies.
We offer you the highest quality new Generic medicines ie. Clofazimine, drugs and also with innovative packing at the lowest prices shipped to you from India. Browse our latest Pharmaceuticals and Generics possibilities and other pharmaceuticals possibilities…more.



Clofazimine


Antibiotics






Composition
 Packing
Expiry










Clofazimine 50mg 10
3 Yrs





Clofazimine 100mg 10
3 Yrs










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